Turpentine is an essential oil, presenting as a colorless to dark brown liquid with a distinct aroma. It consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons, prominently featuring approximately 64% alpha-pinene and 33% beta-pinene. Depending on the source material and extraction method, turpentine is classified into three types: (1) gum turpentine, (2) extracted turpentine, and (3) distilled turpentine. With prolonged storage or exposure to air, its odor intensifies and its color gradually turns yellow; it is highly flammable and emits dense smoke when burned. Turpentine is highly soluble in ethanol, freely miscible with chloroform, ether, or glacial acetic acid, yet insoluble in water.